Famous Thinkers

Renowned Thinkers Roxanne Serna PHL/458 July 30, 2012 Trisha Mc Aloon Famous Thinkers Throughout time, there have been numerous effective individuals on the planet. Renowned individuals with extraordinary personalities to make new things that would change history itself. In today’s world, the two celebrated scholars that have been decided for this paper genuinely made another country for us. Through influence, inventive deduction, through their suppositions, that would demonstrate later to be the most ideal result. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , acclaimed for his â€Å"I had a dream† discourse, Franklin D.Roosevelt was popular for making a superior country during the, â€Å"Great Depression†. These two individuals genuinely had an incredible and imaginative psyche to have thought of the thoughts that they had. That one day those thoughts that they had would change our incredible country. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , was celebrated for his â€Å"I had a dream† discourse, which was given in 1963 during the ‘Freedom Walk in Detroit† (Brown, 2012). He was a supporter of pushing the Civil Rights Act, in which, Dr. Martin Luther King went to the marking function of the bill in 1964 (Burro Jr. , 2002).He was an individual who trusted in opportunity surprisingly paying little mind to race or shade of their skin. He was enthusiastic about what he put stock in and utilized god as an apparatus to direct him through the street that he strolled. Martin Luther King Jr. , a profound man as well as one that would leave a heritage ever. During the time that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was attempting to battle the extraordinary battle of isolation he was additionally captured may times. The captures were a direct result of not have a license to illustrate. Indeed, even with these deterrents he had the option to proceed with his battle for freedom.He defeated these hindrances by being ingenious and realizing what he expected to do so as to pro ceed with his difficult work that he had been placing in for the rights and opportunity of the individuals. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr’s. , objective was for opportunity for the individuals to reserve a privilege to go where they satisfied thus that they didn't live in dread in light of the shade of their skin. A priest, who didn't have confidence in viciousness and would not connect with whatever other gatherings that advanced brutality, he decided to manage completing things in a peaceful manner.There was even when Black Muslims in Harlem attacked Mr. Lord (Brown, 2012). Dr. Martin Luther King was significantly increasingly regarded by the individuals in light of his methods of managing the issues and taking care of the issues in a peaceful way. Through Dr. Martin Luther King endeavors he had the option to get the Boycott that transport isolation is unlawful, Bus isolation was controlled illicit on November 13, 1956, Civil Rights Act marked on July 2, 1964, The Famous discou rse â€Å"I had a dream†, distributed a book called, â€Å"Stride Toward Freedom†, won the Nobel Peace Prize on December 10, 1964 (Brown, 2012).He had such huge numbers of other incredible achievements for a mind-blowing duration. He was Man of the Year in Times magazine, this was a direct result of the considerable number of achievements he made in a peaceful manner. He was a man that was seen by general society as a man who can give the information on the most proficient method to approach evolving isolation. Dr martin Luther King Jr. chosen one day that enough was sufficient and isolation must be changed. Perhaps it was god calling him to attempt to accomplish the unachievable. That is what was however during those occasions. Isolation was such a significant issue, that was upsetting the African American citizens.I trust Dr. Martin Luther King needed to truly think and devise an arrangement that would be blunder evidence. His strategies of peacefulness was through h e prepared psyche that he by the intensity of god would make such an incredible change. His reasoning procedure was exceptionally basic now and again, contingent upon what sort of circumstance he confronted. He needed to ponder what he would do and how he would go about it. Making and sorting out his walks and talks, keeping the individuals in the same spot as what he put stock in. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. as an imaginative and basic when managing the thoughts and issues he confronted. Franklin D. Roosevelt was conceived in New York in 1882 (The White House, 2012). Franklin D. Roosevelt was likewise known by FDR. All through this paper, we will allude to him as simply that FDR. Among numerous popular masterminds FDR was understand for the â€Å"100 days†. FDR became president in 1933, there were numerous progressions FDR planed to do inside ‘100 days' (FDR Library and Museum, n. d. ). During this time was there was loads of disturbance due to what was known as ‘ The Great Depression’.He was one of the main Presidents to have cut off four terms in office. During his terms in office, he made projects that would even now be utilized today. FDR was such an imaginative and smart individual. He made the Agricultural Adjustment Administration and Civilian Conservation Corps, intended to bring financial help and change (FDR Library and Museum, n. d. ). In 1935 the Social Security, Works Progress Administration and the New Deal enactment passed (The White House, 2012). He must be basic when it went to the Pearl Harbor Booming in 1941.This was something that was surprising to such an extent that occurred. FDR needed to accomplish something and respond quick with the goal that he didn't resemble seven days pioneer. Notwithstanding, in light of the fact that is his innovative and basic reasoning procedure he knew in his brain what might be best for our Nation. In 1942, he proceeds to make ‘grand alliance’ of Allied powers through â €Å"the Declaration of the United Nations† (FDR Library and Museum, n. d. ). Serving four terms, he made such a large number of incredible achievements. He got our country out of the Great Depression and Created the United Nations.Despite FDR’s state of being he was as yet ready to do the things that were expected to run this nation in such an incredible way, that he didn't let his handicap impede him. Truth be told it appeared to have made him more grounded. I think he felt to state to the nation take a gander at me in the event that I can do it with all that I have going on, at that point there is no reason for anybody to blame an incapacity so as to complete things. FDR was challenging and ready to take risks when no one trusted in his thoughts. He end up being ingenious in the entirety of his endeavors when he was in office and had such a major effect in our country.Each of these celebrated masterminds utilized a wide range of methods of basic reasoning and innovat ive reasoning. Martin Luther King Jr. assumed and break down what he was doing before he would endeavor to go on with a thought he may have. The two scholars needed to utilize the Cause and Effect to see whether the arrangements that they proposed would work or not. They likewise both utilized the Creative Process to attempt their thoughts. They scanned for that challenge to check whether it was feasible and the two of them found that as they looked through they found what they needed to achieve.They both not just explored the issue by the additionally delivered thoughts that would change history for eternity. Every one of these popular scholars couldn't have done anything any other way. In the event that they would have done anything any other way, isolation may in any case exist. On the off chance that we didn't have a president with enough thoughts for the difficulties that he would confront getting our extraordinary country out of the Great Depression. To transform anything abou t these masterminds would change history as we see it at that point and now. They were both exceptionally inventive at what they did and accomplished what they et out to accomplish. References Brown, M. (2012). Timetable of Events in Martin Luther King Jr. ‘s life. Recovered from http://www. lib. lsu. edu/jum/mlk/srs216. html Burro Jr. , R. (2002). Martin Luther King Jr. ‘s convention of Human Dignity. Western Journal of Black Studies, 26(4), 228. FDR Library and Museum. (n. d. ). Account of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Recovered from http://www. fdrlibrary. marist. edu/training/assets/bio_fdr. html The White House. (2012). Franklin D. Roosevelt. Recovered from http://www. whitehouse. gov/about/president/franklindroosevelt Well known Thinkers Since the very beginning there have been numerous well known scholars and a portion of the people had any kind of effect in the public eye. Not exclusively did the person in question consider every them where innovative in their own specific manner. Martin Luther King jr. had any kind of effect in the public arena he made commitment. Before he drove the isolation dark individuals were not permitted to situate in a transport where white individuals had a need to situate and dark individuals needed to hold up. He was disturbed when Rosa Parks was prevented a seat in light of the fact that from claiming the shade of her skin. Martin Luther King Jr. stood firm to safeguard the individuals rights for there was no uniformity or equity for shading individuals. The two guardians of Martin Luther King Jr. guardians couldn't shield him totally from prejudice. â€Å"He saw much on the planet that was out of agreement with God, remembering isolation for the Southern U. S. †(Leonard, 1998). MLK accept in the event that individuals genuinely had a profound relationship with god, at that point the individual couldn't abhor yet rather love. The genuine issue is that through our logical virtuoso we've made of the world an area, yet through our good and otherworldly virtuoso we've neglected to make of it a brotherhood† (Leonard, 1998). In 1963, during the monstrous March on Washington by about 250,000 individuals for sake of occupations and opportunity, King conveyed his most popular discourse â€Å"I have a dream,† communicated his desire for a superior future. He had confidence in his vision for th e world (Leonard, 1998). MLK was an imaginative scholar, he in vision and needed for his locale to have a superior life. Non-white individuals didn't have indistinguishable rights from the white people, shading individuals were just connected with the individuals. Shading did likewise work yet not paid equivalent to white feared them and segregated inside and out. Time has changed since MLK was alive; due to MLK he saw and felt the need the each individual whether your white or shading merits equity and equivalent rights like our constitution notice â�

Freemasonry’s Beliefs and Their Struggle for Secrecy

The all-inclusive article venture was done on the Masonic gathering of individuals who have been a persuasive piece of history overall. In this article I will investigate the conviction arrangement of the gathering. Just as exhibit why there is a lot of debate encompassing the gathering by communicating the restricting perspectives. The Masons fundamentally are a gathering of men that have shared sentiments about fellowship, ethics and network progress. These men have a place with the world's biggest clique on the planet. It traverses all countries, races and religions. The gathering in general is mystery. For example the root and the time that this gathering was organized is as yet unsure. Numerous activities and exercises of the gathering are additionally calm. This makes the gathering truly helpless for Anti-Masonic gatherings. Numerous popular and notable individuals on the planet have had a place with the Freemasons. At the point when criminal acts or shameful acts in the network happen, the Anti-Masonic gatherings place fault on the artisans. What was discovered by the exploration is that the mystery of the Masonic association is to be kept consistently. A few times extraordinary measures are taken to guarantee its mystery. Hostile to Mason bunches are unfavorable to the endurance of the gathering. They hose their advancement and lower their prominence rating with people in general. It is a progressing fight that doesn't appear as though it will stop at any point in the near future. There is a general public where numerous individuals have a place. Numerous individuals are your ordinary individuals; individuals that run the nation, individuals that own business to individuals that pass you in the city. You wouldn't realize they have a place with this general public since they are ordinary individuals. This general public has been around since the most punctual of times. The individuals are committed to thoughtful love, alleviation for the network and solid ethics. All the more revealingly this gathering can be characterized as a gathering of men, joined together in a selective cabin to propel, most importantly, their own advantages and second, the interests of the network or different individuals from the gathering (Hoselton). On the off chance that you know anybody that seems like he fits this profile they may have a place with Masonry likewise called Freemasonry. Stone work is touted as the world's most established and biggest club. Freemasonry and Masonry are exchangeable words for a similar association, which has its underlying foundations in the medieval exchange organizations of stonemasons. In Freemasonry the most broadly utilized images are the devices of the stonemason, a square, compass and a level. The level for instance is an image that are men are equivalent and on a similar level. There are signs that point to the main assemblage on this association, which return in 926 AD, when the principal hold up reports were found. There are works and proof that go back to the late seventeenth century. There is no careful response to when this general public, stop, bunch previously started. Indeed, even so Freemasonry was officially made in London in 1717. The thoughts and convictions immediately spread to the American provinces and across Europe. Today, there are likely four to 6,000,000 men in the brotherhood (Cambell). The Masons in the mid-seventeenth century were a mystery society and since they were mystery there was no authentic report or compositions. There are fundamentally three hypotheses that encompass their reality before it got open. The main hypothesis is that freemasonry is as old as the Masonic ceremony claims. It was in fact made because of happenings at the structure of ruler Solomon's sanctuary and has been passed down to us through components obscure. The second hypothesis that researchers accept is that the advancement of medieval stoneman's organizations, whereby Masonic aptitudes with stone were converted into what bricklayers call moral enhancements. The third hypothesis is that artisans customs initially originate from the Order Of The Poor Fellow-fighters of Christ and the sanctuary of Solomon, presently otherwise called the Knights of Templar (Knight). One thing you will learn is that there are no careful answers with regards to the Masons. This general public is held in high respect to its mystery. The principles and guidelines are exceptionally sacrosanct and on the off chance that one isn't performed or is broken than serious punishment will be set in real life. The punishments are from expulsion from the general public to death, contingent upon the demonstration. These standards and rules are what gave man his suspicion that all is well and good and feeling of prosperity back in the occasions when the world was not as socialized as it was today. At the point when the world was not as steady as it is today and grounds were perpetually evolving hands, bricklayers were as yet joined in light of the fact that it is broad. Stone work isn't restricted to one race or nationality, doctrines or beliefs. This association includes nearly everybody. In Masonry there is a gathering place for the individuals. This spot is known as a cabin. There is a set chain of command of Lodges. All the states in the U. S have a Highest decision hold up, The Grand Lodge. This Grand Lodge is utilized as the directing hotel over the entirety of the little parts of cabins. The locale of a Lodge decides its careful convictions and rules. There is no more significant position authority than the Grand Lodge of a state. Consistently there is a particular gathering for the Master Masons. This once a month meeting is named a â€Å"business meeting† (Virginia). In the cabin religion is empowered, nothing specifically, however Christianity is the most well known in the United States. Religion however, alongside legislative issues is carefully taboo inside the cabin. The two subjects are dubious and would cause an over the top gap between men. One of the convictions that the Masons have is a fascinating commencement service. There are a couple of stages to finish this procedure yet it is what is done to each new part. It has been done since the production of the brotherhood so now it is only a conviction. The principal period of the function is the point at which the start must swear his faithfulness to God and his kindred Masons. At the point when that piece of the service is throughout the second piece of the commencement starts. Along these lines the start can become Master Mason. He is blindfolded and is solicited to put on a good show from Hiram Abiff. Hiram Abiff was the killed ace in a legend of the structure of King Solomon's sanctuary. This would be the energizing segment of the inception, where all the activity happens. He should decline to confess to privileged insights of the Freemasons and afterward he is hit and thumped to the floor. This is a reenactment of Hiram's passing. The third means to the procedure is a couple of more focuses and images are disclosed in detail to him (Cambell). The Masons are otherwise called a mystery society. Numerous convictions that they hold are totally taboo from non-individuals and furthermore not all Masons can know it all. This is the thing that gives the Masons its â€Å"secret society† name, not on the grounds that its underground or a little assembling. The insider facts began back in the most punctual occasions when stonemasons had unique exchanges that they kept from every other person. There are numerous sorts of privileged insights that are held in the Mason gathering, numerous kinds of sciences and crystal gazing. At the point when a Mason begins to comprehend the association and â€Å"probe his unconscious† these insider facts are uncovered to him. One conviction that the Masons have that appears just as it would be obsolete at this point however is as yet flawless is the induction of just guys. The cabins of today are accessible to just guys who are in any event nineteen years old. To be increasingly accommodative, a different division of the Freemasons was created. The Eastern Star was established in 1850 and is a gathering for Master Masons or individuals appropriately identified with Master Masons, including ladies. The connection can be spouse, widow, sister, girl, mother, granddaughter, stepmother, stepdaughter, stepsister, relative, and as of late, nieces, little girls in-law, and grandmas (Virginia). Fundamentally any individual who isn't allowed into the cabin gatherings yet has connection to a Master Mason can be conceded. The hotels are partitioned into sections and there are eighteen workplaces to be filled in every section. Men or ladies can fill these positions. The leader of the section is regarded the title Worthy Matron. To pick up the enrollment required, every part should consent to confidence in an incomparable being. Despite the fact that, the New and Old Testaments are both piece of the five degrees. This makes the Eastern Star an especially Christian gathering (Virginia). Since, the Eastern Star is a kind of division of the Masons, this must make them an especially Christian gathering (Mackey). Since the Freemasons gathering of outrageous size, contentions are continually encompassing them. There is additionally a lot of discussion that comes from the cryptic idea of the Freemasons. Numerous noticeable figures including establishing fathers and presidents have been Masons, and now and again Freemasons have been blamed for giving different Masons unreasonable points of interest in work advancement, and furthermore controlling choices in government by being a kind of underground government themselves (Virginia). An enormous piece of joining the artisans is having that preferred position of employment advancement over non-bricklayer associates (Dumenil, 23). The greatest contention concerning the Freemasons occurred in the United States during the mid 1800's. In 1826, one man concluded he would distribute a book that contained the entirety of the mysteries that is the Masonic culture had covered up. This man was, Captain William Morgan, an ordinary individual from the Masonic culture. The spot that the book was being distributed was caught fire and the Captain out of nowhere vanished. There are a wide range of endings to this story that circumvent today, yet it is said that he was caught by the Masons and killed. Most Masons today state that isn't what occurred, however Morgan truly left the nation and went to Canada. It was noted by an enemy of Masonic gathering that a year later the body was found in a harbor. Different records state that his body was rarely found. What the genuine truth might be is unimportant. The way that these accounts set the Masons back a stage in prevalence is significant part. There was even an enemy of Masonic presidential up-and-comer in the 1820's (Mackey and McClenachen, 508). Master

Sample Essays About Students Can Be Very Complicated

Sample Essays About Students Can Be Very ComplicatedThe samples expository essay about students can be very tricky. The reason being that the topics that you will be writing about are very specific.It is important to create a specific topic for your sample essay. Make sure it is not too broad or generic. On the other hand, make sure it is not too narrow or specific.When you have a certain subject that you want to write about, look into your resources. For example, you can use any information you have on a particular topic in a specific class. You can also find out more information about what classes are like for your student body. From there, find out what a typical day might be for a student.In addition, when you are writing, try to pay attention to how the class works. It may surprise you to learn that your class may have very different experiences. For example, some students will spend a lot of time during class trying to get all the answers right, and others will focus more on co mprehension than on actual content. This can be a great sample expository essay about students because you will be able to point out what goes on in each class.Finally, remember that you may want to include some personal observations about your students. For example, it is likely that students from a certain background tend to be good at math. They may excel in math, but that does not mean they will be good at writing. This could be a great sample expository essay about students because you can discuss the difficulties students have with certain subjects.However, before you begin writing, you should make sure that you have all of the samples expository essay about students ready. This means that you should have all of the basic material in order. If you do not, you will be able to revise much easier when you get started.You should also consider how many students you will be writing for and how many of them are attending the entire class. You should also decide whether you are going to use the exact same writing style and format throughout the class or whether you will vary the way you present your material. This can help you ensure that the material is as effective as possible.Finally, remember that sample essays can be a great way to share with others. It is possible that you will be given feedback about your sample essays before it is turned into a final product.

Survey On Graph Databases Graph Database - 3635 Words

Survey on graph databases XIAOTONG FU Informatics, University of Edinburgh Abstract. Graph databases, also called graph-oriented database, is a type of not only SQL (NoSQL) database based on graph theory that can store, map and query data relationships. Because this kind of database ensures its robust performance in processing graph-like data, it has been widely used in industry, for instance, Facebook and Twitter are using graph databases to store and analyze their user proles. This paper re- viewed motivations and development of graph databases. Then it sur- veyed ve typical implementations (Apache Giraph, DEX/Sparksee, Hy- perGraphDB, Neo4j, Titan) of this kind of databases via four dimensions (data model, storage system, query method, API and tools). The re- sults of comparison gure out the limits and strengths of dierent graph databases. 1 Introduction In 1970 E.F.Codd published the paper A relational model of data for large shared data banks[13] where the relational model was proposed. After decades of development Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) based on this model has become the most prevailing technology for the storage and anal- ysis of data today. However, because of the thrive new internet technologies such as web 2.0 sites[20], the growing number of internet users, as well as the increasing data sources like mobiles, sensors, the datasets developers face are becoming unprecedentedly large and complex that it is hard to process in tradi- tionalShow MoreRelatedRelational And Non Relational Database Model Essay1428 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept of relational and non-relational databases. 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Artickle - 1106 Words

QUESTION You are the project manager responsible for the overall construction of a new international airport. Draw a dependency map identifying the major groups of people that are likely to affect the success of this project. Who do you think will be most cooperative? Who do you think will be the least cooperative? Why? As an project manager in building a new international airport, important tasks of the project managers across any work scope or vertical is to ensure that the planned projects get finished well in time within the given budget and the planned time frame. Project management is one of the most high ranking areas of study and plays a meaningful role in organizations across all the scope. The main responsibilities of the†¦show more content†¦In my personal view, the construction of new international airport may will benefits Airlines, Homeland, Carpenters, Workers Organization, Electricians, Machine Operators, Government Agencies, Contractors, Politicians, Business Leaders and Design Architect. I am strongly saying this, because the people categorized under this group are mostly graduated with a better qualification. Even there are certain group people still looking for chances for grow up in their living lifestyle. This construction will provide a better job to all of umployees and it may will be a strong fundamental beginning of their carrier as well. In additional, via constuction a new international airport, this group of people mostly to graduates staffs,they can learn and develop their skills by getting knowledge from bigger projects. They also able to understand well about the projects and gain more experience from their working environment. Moreover, nowdays employees looking for a secure work environment whereby they feel safe with their working condition with better income. With the success of this project, employees won’t think about existing the job due to good working conditions

Children’s Overuse of Technology Free Essays

string(124) " placed in the environment from 4 days to 80 days, and afterwards the cortexes were removed for comparison \(Diamond et al\." Children’s use of technology most affects a person’s cognitive development by eliminating the time that children have for other activities like proper sleep, a basketball game in the park, or just a face to face chat with a group of friends. Technology is not a proper substitute for a play ground, parks or a chat with friends where a child can find unlimited opportunities to learn valuable information about how they fit in the real world. A child’s cognitive development is not harmed directly by technology so much as it is harmed indirectly by abstaining from physical activities, failing to get proper sleep, or not interacting with peers. We will write a custom essay sample on Children’s Overuse of Technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now A study by the Kaiser foundation illustrates the enormous time children spend multi – tasking each day through technology, â€Å"Today’s youth pack a total of 10 hours and 45 minutes worth of media content into those daily 7 1/2 hours – an increase of almost 2 1/4 hours of media exposure per day over the past five years† (Henry J. Kaiser Foundation 2010, p. 1). It is not to suggest that technology plays no role in increasing a child’s cognitive development; it is to suggest that there is a widening gap between the time a child entertains themselves with technology and the moments that he or she allocate to alternatives activities. The benefits children receive from non – technology based activities are found in many research studies on cognitive development; for example, a study by preeminent sleep theorist Dr. Sadeh showed that the cognitive abilities of elementary school children deprived of just one hours night sleep would be reduced by two years the following morning (Sadeh, Gruber Ravi 2003, p. 444 -445). Children cannot be engaged in interactive play with their peers, sleep or physical exercise which are so critical to their development, due to an overuse of isolating technological activities such as cell phones, television and video games. Children who spend too much time with technology find themselves isolated from their peers. Leading theorists like Jean Piaget understood the importance of peer interaction as a research tool that provides children with unlimited opportunities to evaluate other people’s concept of how to deal with situations that happen in the world. According to Piaget, â€Å"children gained knowledge about the world through their interaction with others and incorporated that information into cognitive structures† (Piaget 1962, p. 257). Piaget saw unscripted play as a way for children to gain new social skills by assimilating a peer’s new ideas and changing their understanding of the world to accommodate them. Children exposed to peer play gain the skill set which will allow them to progress away from an egocentric view point in which they are the center of the universe to a more abstract vision of the world that encompasses the morals needs of society. A child that has gained understanding of this is said to gain the social, emotional, and cognitive skills and behaviors that they need in order to be successful people in the world. Piaget would find educational value in any technology that allows children the opportunity to freely experiment with their understanding of the world. From the preoperational through the operational stage, children receive educational experiences even from basic technology like karaoke machines or cell phones that provide them the opportunity to test their language skills through experimentation. A child in the preoperational stage will use the karaoke machine in symbolic play to pretend to be a rock star. The operational stage children that are further along on their cognitive development might use a cell phone share ideas on what it is like to be in a rock group. However, the most promising use of technology to Piaget would be software that appears to emulate his theory of assimilation and accommodation. Indeed, Piaget believed that children learned best when a constant flow of information was acquired from others that either reinforced or challenged their perception of themselves in the world. An example of technology that might provide this is the game SimCity, which was marketed as providing people with the opportunity to test their knowledge of cities while learning to build one of their own. However, eventually Piaget would find games like this to be too restrictive in their opportunities for players to decide whether to change their self-constructs of city- life based on the limited real life scenarios in the game. The child is presented with or guided into possible actions by the software program and made to believe there are no limitations to the options one can take; however, software actions are very â€Å"narrow and circumscribed, and – what is even more important for the child – it is defined by the game developer and the manufacturer instead of by the child† (Provenzo, 1991, 1994). According to Piaget (1972), play can provide many opportunities for children to actively learn in a manner that is more intuitive than a direct instruction lesson. Piaget’s philosophy about play is validated by the following research. A study on rats that played rough with each other had a higher degree of neurotropic factor transcripts created in their brains’ cortexes than a rat raised in isolation (Gordon, Burke, Watson Panskepp 2003, p. 17-20). Research by Diamond et al. (1966) on the thickening of a rat’s cortex showed that when a rat was allowed to freely assimilate and accommodate within an â€Å"enriched environment† (Krech, Rosenzweig Bennett, 1960, p. 09-513) its cortex was affected profoundly as compared to other rats’ cortexes that were raised in non-enriched environments (p. 117-125). The research was designed to compare the thickening in the cortex of several rats’ brains raised in three different environments: one raised in isolation, three rats in a cage that emulated their natural environment, and three that were placed in the enriched environment. An enriched environment is defined as a cage that has enough room to accommodate the rats and toys that are added at specific intervals during their stay (Krech et al. 960, p. 509- 513). The rats were placed in the environment from 4 days to 80 days, and afterwards the cortexes were removed for comparison (Diamond et al. You read "Children’s Overuse of Technology" in category "Essay examples" 1966, p. 117-125). A second set of experiments were designed to isolate factors like age or stress, which were constantly changing to reach the maximum thickening of the cortex. Data comparisons between the cortexes of the rats raised in the impoverished environments and the lone rat were measured, but not compared; however, further experimentation, in this maybe warranted in order to show the effect of peer play. In more play directed study, it was seen that rats that had played rough with each other had brains with a higher degree of neurotropic factors created in the brains’ cortex than a rat raised in isolation (Beatty, Dodge, Dodge, White Panskepp 1982, p. 417-422). Another study of rats in social isolation showed an even more dramatic need for interactive play when a rat failed to respond with the proper defense mechanism when dealing with a dominant male rat. The study showed that rats that played with peers were successful in assimilating into society by using the tools they learned from peer interaction, much like Lev Vygotsky’s studies showed children did as well (Foroud Pellis 2003, p. 35-43). Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky believed that a child’s learning process or cognitive development was not based on a solitary exploration of the world, but the influences of the child’s culture, environment or knowledgeable adults. Vygotsky’s studies were based on the significant improvement that children achieved on tests when they worked with an adult as compared to working alone. The test results for children working independently rarely reached the level of a child that had been taught by an adult. In the process of this adult guided development, â€Å"the child not only matures, but is rearmed. It is this â€Å"rearming† that accounts for a great deal of development and change we can that accounts for a great deal of the development and change we can observe as we follow the transition from child to civilized adult† (Luria Vygotsky, 1992, p. 110). The times children meet with a knowledgeable peer or adult to learn a great deal of understanding is gained by the child. The growth of the child that works with an adult can be observed throughout their lives till they reach adulthood. Vygotsky would find potential in today’s technology and hope for the software technology of tomorrow that he would perceive as supporting his theory of the Zone of Proximal Distance. His theory states: â€Å"the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers [is greater]† (Vygotsky 1978, p. 6). The technology that was capable of teaching critical thinking, analysis and problem solving skills by joining them together to learn about any subject matter. Present technology does not have the natural language skills necessary to be able to respond to a child’s unlimited questions; however, games can guide a child’s thought process by the designer’s implementation of scaffolding techniques into the program. For instance, some games like Oregon Trail are appropriate educational opportunities for learning in the classroom. The game is a form of computer mediated instruction that uses information inserted into the program (scaffolding techniques) to help students complete the tasks that are important to perform an activity; however, it is limited in value since it does not allow children to interact with a knowledgeable adult or peer. Games that allow multiple players to work towards a common goal are available online and could be used to teach children in the way Vygotsky envisioned. Games like The Penguin Club or Halo are designed to allow children to work together towards a common goal; however, they are created to entertain and not to teach. Video games must be designed to capture a child’s interest and be tested to show how they improve a child’s education, or they will remain another example of a technology whose use is restricted solely to household entertainment. Other examples of technology that children use for household entertainment are described in the following study including which technologies are preferred by both sexes and which are preferred by a specific sex. â€Å"Children are far more likely to use technology for entertainment purposes to download music, chat on the social network, email friends or lay video games than do research on a topic of interest than for education† (Subrahmanyam, Greenfield, Kraut Gross 2001, p. 7-30). The study shows boys and girls are likely to use the same technology for the same hours in school. However, after school hours boys were far more likely to play video games than girls. On the contrary, girls were far more likely to use their cell phones to text friends or communicate on the social network than their male counterparts. Both girls and boys still watched television more than any other technology. The study focused primarily on the type of technology a child used to entertain him or her self; however, the study did not delve into the effects technology use had on a child. Grant money has been expanded for research to investigate new social concerns about technology ranging from the possibilities of brain tumors brought about by excessive use of cell phones, desensitizing affects of violent video games on children towards real violence, and attention span problems caused by television and video games. A recent research study on the effects of children playing violent video games and their desensitizing effect on a child’s view of real life has challenged long held tenets of parents and researchers alike. Bowen and Spaniol (2011) designed a study to compare the emotional arousal state and long term memory of individuals that played violent video game as compared to those that did not. The participants viewed 150 photos of scenes that were designed to get a positive, negative, or natural response from the individuals. One hour later the people were asked once again to observe the scenes and this time 150 additional photos were added. The researcher then asked the individuals if they indeed had seen the photos previously and the results were recorded. Afterwards, the students were given a self-assessment test that asked them questions about their emotional state. Researchers predicted the results would show that the participants that played violent video games would remember less of the photos and have a lower level of emotional arousal. The study showed that the results were in favor of the null hypothesis and that there was no significant difference in the long term memory or emotional state of the participant that played video games and the individuals that did not. This study questioned earlier held opinions that violent video indeed caused children to be less sensitive to real life violence. Research by Carnagey, Anderson and Bushman (2007) evaluated the physiological response of individuals that watched a ten minute video showing real-life violence after playing their choice of a violent game or non-violent game for twenty minutes. The individuals that played the violent video game were predicted to have a lowerheart beat and galvanic skin response than the non violent video game watchers. The violent video players did show a lower heart rate and galvanic than the non-violent game players and were considered to be desensitized to violence (p. 489-496). The conflicting results help illustrate how little is known to whether video game technology as any direct adverse on the cognitive development of children that the concerns of society have suggested. Furthermore, studies on the effect of radio waves on heavy long term users of cell phones suggest different conclusions leading to question about its adverse affects on children as well. One study which evaluated brain tumor risk in relation to long term mobile use showed no increase in cancer in individuals that used cellphones excessively over the last ten years (Cardis 2010, p. 14). Another study showed that the brain glucose metabolism rates were significantly higher when using a cell phone causing concern that there may be negative effects from radio signals delivered to the brain (Volkow et al. 001, p. 808-813). It appears that additional research on technology is required, as was expended on television earlier in order to get a clearer picture of its effect on children. Television viewing time at a mean age of 14 years was associated with â€Å"elevated risk for attention difficulties, frequent failure to complete homework assignments, frequent boredom at school, failure to complete high school, poor grades, negative attitudes about school (i. e. hates school) overall academic failure in secondary school, and failure to obtain post-secondary (eg, college, university, training school) education† (Johnson et al. 2007, 481). The Research by Zimmerman and Christakis (2007) showed that six and seven year old children, who had watched an average of three hours of television a day as three year olds, had lower cognitive achievement scores on the Peabody Individual Achievement test for reading recognition and reading comprehension (473-479). Less sedentary activities that children do when not playing video games show a much clearer picture of the benefit they provided to a child’s cognitive development than any adverse effect technology does. Children who rode bicycles, played basketball or performed other aerobic activities at least three times a week for sixty minutes and spent an equal amount of time on muscle and bone strengthening workouts three times a week or more had significantly better grades than the children who did not (Coe, Pivarnik, Woomack, Reeves Malina 2006, p. 515-1519). In conclusion, software technology as advanced as it may seem is not robust enough to support the theories of Piaget or Vygotsky. Advances in Artificial Intelligence for natural language would be required to make either Piaget or Vygotsky theories close to a real life learning experience. A computer game would need to be able to understand the thoughts voiced by a child and be able to respond to them fluently to recreate a real life experience. That software for video games is far from being developed. A child’s ability to learn from a computer as if it was a teacher is limited by how well the software developer provides guidance within the program to complete each task. A child will never get the freedom to explore and change his or her constructs in the world of technology as he or she can in the real world. In this day of modern technology and the information highway, it may seem ironic that the best thing a child can do to develop his or her cognitive development is to turn the television, video game or cell phone off and go for a bike ride. How to cite Children’s Overuse of Technology, Essay examples

Stephen Kings It Essays - English-language Films, It, Derry

Stephen Kings' It A)Title:It Author:Stephen King Illustrator:-------------------- Publisher:Penguin Books Copyright:1986 B)Brief Summary The book fades into a suburb scene with a boy,a boy chasing a paper boat his brother willingly made.This boat's strong the boy (George) thinks to himself just before it is digested by a storm drain and inside there is a clown.He has the boat,he also has a balloon.He says"Georgy you want this boat and balloon right!!"The response is obvious.Georgy asks if they really float.As Georgy the fool reaches down and is grabbed by the decaying corpse monster."It floats,we all float down here".In a few minutes Georgy is discovered and is taken home to the grief stricken mother who is betook by sadness.This when the 1093 page book really begins to heat up.During the course of the summer in Derry where the setting is taking place at the time being.A little club falls together and by fluke they are all victims and survivors of the freak monster It.At first they just explain to each other their horrid accidents and escapes.The method they used to escape is their secret weapon against It.For instance for Bill it is to say this one verse "He thrusts his fists against the posts and still insists he's seeing ghost's".For Ben Hanscom it's shouting "You are not real".Etc.Bill who is George's brother is asking Richie,another survivor,if he would come with him to the an old house with him.He agrees and brings sneezing powder and Bill brings a gun and a sling shot.They crawl under the porch and through the window into the ancient house.They stay together and meet the clown he has changed into a leper and is coming towards them.Bill shoots but it doesn't affect the monster.The leper grabs Bill and start choking him.Then Richie blared at it one of his voice imitations.That made the creature turn away and let go of Bill.They both then scrambled out of the house and into the fresh air the leper was following them.they jumped on Bill's bike and they off.But the leper followed until Richie threw the powder into the lepers eyes.After that incident they all decided to make a truce to come back to Derry if the monster ever came back.After they made the truce they built a clubhouse and enjoyed the rest of their childhood year's. 30 Years later: They are all called by Bill to come back to Derry.It had come back.So as soon as they get there they are attacked by an old enemy who is under the power of It.They stop him by luck and escape with their lives.The next day they go to the sewers where most It victims were found(Collage of this on last page).They travel in the wastelands for hours searching for the lair of It.They find a small door with the picture of each one of their fears imprinted on it.They go in and see that It has taken the shape of a giant spider writhing and pulsing in it's exoskeleton. It attacks and everybody says their special word or action or phrase.then Bill rips open It's stomach and thrashes around until he tears the heart of the beast in two.then the eary light fades and It is dead.The novel ends when all the characters are united with their wives. C) Critical Analysis This book was a true horror book.It was one of the ones that keep you up if you read it at night.The book was fictional and semi- true.The setting was always clearly explained and the plot was never slow.If you started to read a bit you would have to keep reading till your eyes are too tired to stay open.It took Stephen King 4 year's to complete this masterpiece.Really it is worth reading.Here are Some Rave reviews:"A mesmerizing odyssey of terror...great...Stephen King is the master of modern horror...He writes like one possessed,never cheats the reader,always gives full measure...He is brilliant...dark and sinister." -The Washington Post Book World D)My Recommendations I clearly recommend this book to people not affected by foul language and horror killings.This book is for people at least 14 and up.The ideas and mind sketches etched by Stephen King are discreet and explicit.They are phsycotic and sometimes unimaginable setting and actions taken place in course of the book.Sensitive reader's should not even look at this book.This Concludes the writing portion of my report.

11 Geographic Facts About the Gulf of Mexico

11 Geographic Facts About the Gulf of Mexico The Gulf of Mexico is a large ocean basin near the Southeastern United States. It is a part of the Atlantic Ocean and is bounded by Mexico to the southwest, Cuba to the southeast, and the Gulf Coast of the United States on the north, which includes the states of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas (map). The Gulf of Mexico is the ninth largest body of water in the world at a width of 810 nautical miles (1,500 km). The entire basin is about 600,000 square miles (1.5 million sq km). Most of the basin consists of shallow intertidal areas, but its deepest point is called Sigsbee Deep and has an estimated depth of about 14,383 feet (4,384 m).The Gulf of Mexico itself and the regions surrounding it are highly biodiverse and feature large fishing economies. The economics of the area as well as the environment thus are sensitive to pollution.   To learn more about the Gulf of Mexico, visit the  Gulf of Mexico Program  from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Gulf of Mexico Geographic Facts Here are 11 facts about the geography of the region: 1) The Gulf of Mexico likely formed as a result of seafloor subsidence (or the gradual sinking of the seafloor) about 300 million years ago. 2) The first European exploration of the Gulf of Mexico occurred in 1497 when Amerigo Vespucci sailed along Central America and entered the Atlantic Ocean through the Gulf of Mexico and the Straits of Florida (the strip of water between present-day Florida and Cuba). 3) Further exploration of the Gulf of Mexico continued throughout the 1500s, and after numerous shipwrecks in the region, settlers and explorers decided to establish a settlement along the northern Gulf Coast. They said this would protect shipping, and in the event of an emergency, rescue would be nearby. Thus, in 1559, Tristn de Luna y Arellano landed at Pensacola Bay and established a settlement.4) The Gulf of Mexico today is bordered by 1,680 miles (2,700 km) of U.S. coastline and is fed with water from 33 major rivers that flow out of the United States. The largest of these rivers is the Mississippi River. Along the south and southwest, the Gulf of Mexico is bordered by the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche,  and Yucatn. This region consists of about 1,394 miles (2,243 km) of coastline. The southeast is bordered by the northwest portion of Cuba, which includes the capital, Havana.5) An important feature of the Gulf of Mexico is the Gulf Stream, which is a warm Atlantic current that begins in the region and flows north into the Atlantic Ocean. Because it is a warm current, sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico are normally also warm, which feeds Atlantic hurricanes and helps in giving them strength. Climate change thats warming waters further is also making them larger, as in increased intensity and amount of water. Hurricanes are common along the Gulf Coast, such as Katrina in 2005, Ike in 2008, Harvey in 2016, and Michael in 2018.  6) The Gulf of Mexico features a wide continental shelf, specifically around Florida and the Yucatn Peninsula. Because this continental shelf is easily accessible, the Gulf of Mexico is exploited for oil with offshore oil drilling rigs centered in the Bay of Campeche and the western Gulf region. Eighteen percent of the countrys oil comes from offshore wells in the Gulf. There are 4,000 drilling platforms there.  Natural gas is also extracted.7) Fisheries are also extremely productive in the Gulf of Mexico, and many Gulf Coast states have economies centered on fishing in the area. In the United States, the Gulf of Mexico has four of the countrys largest fishing ports, while in Mexico the region has eight of the top 20 largest. Shrimp and oysters are among the largest fish products that come from the Gulf.8) Recreation and tourism are also a significant part of the economy of the lands surrounding the Gulf of Mexico. Recreational fishing is popular, as are water sports and tourism along the coastal regions.9) The Gulf of Mexico is a highly biodiverse area and features many coastal wetlands and mangrove forests. The wetlands along the Gulf of Mexico cover around 5 million acres (2.02 million hectares). Seabirds, fish, and reptiles are abundant, as well as bottlenose dolphins, a large population of sperm whales, and sea turtles.10) In the United States the population of the coastal regions surrounding the Gulf of Mexico is estimated to number more than 60 million people by 2025, as states such as Texas (the second most populous state) and Florida (the third most populous state) are growing quickly. 11)  The Gulf of Mexico was the site of a large  oil spill  that occurred on April 22, 2010, when an oil drilling platform, the Deepwater Horizon, suffered an explosion and sank into the Gulf about 50 miles (80 km) from Louisiana. Eleven people died in the explosion and an estimated 5,000 barrels of oil per day leaked into the Gulf of Mexico from the 18,000-foot (5,486 m) well on the platform. Cleanup crews attempted to burn the oil off of the water, gather the oil and move it, and block it from hitting the coast. Cleanup  and fines cost BP $65 billion. SourcesFausset, Richard. (April 23, 2010). Flaming Oil Rig Sinks in Gulf of Mexico. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from: http://articles.latimes.com/2010/apr/23/nation/la-na-oil-rig-20100423Robertson, Campbell and Leslie Kaufman. (April 28, 2010). Size of Spill in Gulf of Mexico is Larger than Thought. New York Times. Retrieved from: nytimes.com/2010/04/29/us/29spill.htmlU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (February 26, 2010). General Facts about the Gulf of Mexico: GMPO: US EPA. Retrieved from: epa.gov/gmpo/about/facts.html#resources.

Learning a Lesson from 50 Tips on How to Write Good

Learning a Lesson from 50 Tips on How to Write Good Learning a Lesson from â€Å"50 Tips on How to Write Good† Learning a Lesson from â€Å"50 Tips on How to Write Good† By Mark Nichol Last week, I wrote a post I didn’t write. In the introductory paragraph, I clearly stated that it was a mash-up of two similar and, to many people, familiar packages of pronouncements that illustrate the writing errors (or are they?) they are intended to highlight. For what I thought were obvious reasons, I didn’t state outright that this list is a parody of writing rules, though I did offer a hint with a reference to â€Å"wit and wisdom,† which I considered a tip-off that the article is not to be taken at face value. Thus, I was flabbergasted to receive a flurry of emails castigating me for 1) using the phrase â€Å"write good† in place of â€Å"write well† in the headline (which, like the content, I borrowed from the original writers) and 2) writing an egregiously error-filled post. At first, I was inclined in this follow-up post to write, â€Å"Don’t feel bad if you were hornswoggled.† I recalled the schoolroom handout listing seemingly random and inane tasks students are instructed to perform one by one after reading through the entire page first the last item of which reads something like â€Å"Do nothing on this list except write your name on this paper and put your pencil down.† If you experienced this exercise, do you recall how you giggled while you sat there after writing your name and putting your pencil down, smugly watching your classmates pat their heads while rubbing their stomachs, then hoot like an owl three times, and follow whatever other goofy instructions preceded the injunction to ignore all preceding items? Or perhaps, like me, you didn’t read the last item very carefully. But then, when I reread the scolding responses to â€Å"50 Tips on How to Write Good† (which, in case you didn’t notice, has 52 items, plus a postscript that counts as number 53), I was reminded that many people don’t read very carefully. And there’s more to the list than meets the eye. Some items simply illustrate, through deliberate error, the peril of ignoring the admonition within. Others, like â€Å"Avoid alliteration. Always.† and â€Å"Employ the vernacular,† point out the fallacies within: Alliteration is a valid stylistic device (and one you may notice I enthusiastically embrace), and sesquipedalian sentences arrest one’s ocular organs just use these strategies sparingly. Months ago, I wrote a post in which I jokingly titled a section â€Å"Write Good.† When several readers commented on the poor grammar, Daniel, the site’s webmaster, and I agreed that the deliberate error was distracting, and he changed it to â€Å"Write Well.† But when I decided to disseminate last week’s humorous lesson on writing, I assumed that even if site visitors were initially taken aback by the sight of â€Å"Write Good† in the headline, they would, after reading the list, understand why I had erred in my word choice. For many readers, obviously, that didn’t happen, and for them, â€Å"50 Tips on How to Write Good† was a washout. But what was the alternative? â€Å"50 Funny, Fallacious Tips on How to Write Good (You Know I Meant ‘Well’)† is a thudding spoiler. The lesson for me is to write what comes naturally but to realize that, although I have a role in, and some responsibility for, how my writing is received, it is ultimately the individual reader who determines the success or failure of that writing. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About NumbersWhat is the Difference Between Metaphor and Simile?Sit vs. Set

Designing a new project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Designing a new project - Essay Example commercial properties for construction and development, as well as identifying the operations steps required to ensure adequate staffing levels as related to payroll. Further, as part of this expansion initiative, ABC will conduct a strategic assessment of the competitive environment to determine a series of potential best practices for cost reduction and efficiency in this project. There will, of course, be fixed expenditures and variable costs which the new manufacturing facility will incur during its first operational year, however initial budget assessment can determine future methodology in relation to specific areas of cost which might require adjusting. However, the scope of this project is to get the new ABC manufacturing facility up-and-running to full manufacturing capacity, from the ground up, in the period of two years. This proposal highlights the expected operational activities and costs during this project and will provide a review of how progress will be measured and adjusted based on corporate expectations. Identifying a suitable property for development, as Phase One of the project, involves assessing opportunities to seize valuable assets for ABC. The new facility must be within the established budget guidelines and also be sustainable so as not to incur losses in the first series of operating years. However, current trends in the commercial real estate industry have driven prices to, in some instances, record lows (Jones, 28), allowing the company to capitalize on low cost retail property that is market driven. Phase One will also consist of utilizing human capital for the project, which is identified as the labor available at the company’s disposal to ensure productive and efficient operations (Mathis & Jackson, 117). Tangible construction efforts will be handled by external suppliers and professional builders based on a bidding process. As previously mentioned, all supply and purchasing costs can be delivered to the appropriate spending

Social Movement Theory, The Explanatory Value of Social Movement Case Study

Social Movement Theory, The Explanatory Value of Social Movement Theory - Case Study Example The root cause for the existence of social movement has been deciphered to be discomfort and isolation within society. People come together to form collective associations only because they are not able to dwell within society in a stable and peaceful manner. Islamic activism in the Middle East is one of the main forms of such discomfort because it has brought to light the kind of violence and terrorism that a group of people are subjecting to in the name of God. This social movement theory helps individuals to come to terms with their wants and needs and form organizations and societies among their own with a view to achieving all that they desire without getting into conflicts with others. However, this has not been as successful as writers and thinkers would have liked, and proof of that is the violence that has been suppressing the Middle East. In order to understand the key concepts of this theory, one must gauge into the political sphere within which the movement develops; every political atmosphere contains a very dynamic interest and consists of government intervention whether positive or negative, constraints on the people, and challenges that need to be faced by the people forming the organization. Similarly, the concept of Intifada had also been incepted within a very politically and economically exploited environment due to the unbearable lifestyle that Palestinians were forced to survive under the purview of. Anwar Al-Awlaki for example, became the face of Western Jihad because of the tensions that were going on in Egypt. He took on a form of his own movement with a view to make progress within his country and try and surmise the demands that the already powerful aspects of society had. It is not an easy task to simply eradicate every ‘wrong doing’ that occurs in society. This is directed towards these social groups that take to violence and terror when their

The Changing of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Essay -- Legend Sleepy Hol

The Changing of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Once upon a time" is the predictable beginning of a fairy tale and "happily ever after" is the ending. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" by Washington Irving is a classical myth that defies the conventional standards of a fairy tale. Set in a valley in New England, It's a gothic tale of mystery and suspense that bears no definite ending surrounding the myth of the "Headless Horseman of Sleepy Hollow" (Heath 1355). The original text created by Irving was intended for the mature reader, a reader who could understand a sense of irony, had knowledge of history, and taste. What of and how has "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" remained successful with audiences through a period of over one hundred and seventy years? The changes implemented in the text vary by editor from none to several, to create a family movie few changes were taken by Disney, but to create a mainstream movie the changes made by Director Tim Burton are many.    Over time the language of the original text of "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" by Irving has been reworked to accommodate the change in audience. The Heath Anthology of American Literature has an unabridged version of the original wording (1354-1373). A complete copy of the original text of "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" can be found in the young adolescent classic section of a bookstore or the juvenile section in the library. A juvenile edition of the text adapted by Arthur Rackham from 1928 was a replicate of the original it is filled with seven colored illustrations and numerous sketching. A young adolescent version adapted by Bryan Brown from 2001 has been abridged to accommodate the current young reader. The format is changed in Brownà ¢s edition. The yo... ... the retelling of the tale of "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow."    Works Cited and Consulted Dizard, Wilson, Jr. Old Media New Media: Mass Communications in The Information Age. New York: Longman, 2000. Fowles, Jib. The Case for Television Violence. California: Sage Publications, 1999. Irving, Washington. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." Ed. Illustrated Arthur Rackham. United States: David McKay, 1928. Irving, Washington. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." Ed. Bryan Brown. New York: Masterwork Books, 2001. Irving, Washington. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." The Heath Anthology of American Literature. 3rd ed. Vol. 1. Ed. Jayne M. Fargnoli. New York: Houghton, 1998. 1354-1373. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Narr. Bing Crosby. Disney Mini Classic, 1949. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Dir. Tim Burton. Perf. Johnny Depp, Christina Ricci, 1999.    The Changing of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Essay -- Legend Sleepy Hol The Changing of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Once upon a time" is the predictable beginning of a fairy tale and "happily ever after" is the ending. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" by Washington Irving is a classical myth that defies the conventional standards of a fairy tale. Set in a valley in New England, It's a gothic tale of mystery and suspense that bears no definite ending surrounding the myth of the "Headless Horseman of Sleepy Hollow" (Heath 1355). The original text created by Irving was intended for the mature reader, a reader who could understand a sense of irony, had knowledge of history, and taste. What of and how has "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" remained successful with audiences through a period of over one hundred and seventy years? The changes implemented in the text vary by editor from none to several, to create a family movie few changes were taken by Disney, but to create a mainstream movie the changes made by Director Tim Burton are many.    Over time the language of the original text of "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" by Irving has been reworked to accommodate the change in audience. The Heath Anthology of American Literature has an unabridged version of the original wording (1354-1373). A complete copy of the original text of "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" can be found in the young adolescent classic section of a bookstore or the juvenile section in the library. A juvenile edition of the text adapted by Arthur Rackham from 1928 was a replicate of the original it is filled with seven colored illustrations and numerous sketching. A young adolescent version adapted by Bryan Brown from 2001 has been abridged to accommodate the current young reader. The format is changed in Brownà ¢s edition. The yo... ... the retelling of the tale of "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow."    Works Cited and Consulted Dizard, Wilson, Jr. Old Media New Media: Mass Communications in The Information Age. New York: Longman, 2000. Fowles, Jib. The Case for Television Violence. California: Sage Publications, 1999. Irving, Washington. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." Ed. Illustrated Arthur Rackham. United States: David McKay, 1928. Irving, Washington. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." Ed. Bryan Brown. New York: Masterwork Books, 2001. Irving, Washington. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." The Heath Anthology of American Literature. 3rd ed. Vol. 1. Ed. Jayne M. Fargnoli. New York: Houghton, 1998. 1354-1373. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Narr. Bing Crosby. Disney Mini Classic, 1949. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Dir. Tim Burton. Perf. Johnny Depp, Christina Ricci, 1999.   

Twilight 4. INVITATIONS

4. INVITATIONS In my dream it was very dark, and what dim light there was seemed to be radiating from Edward's skin. I couldn't see his face, just his back as he walked away from me, leaving me in the blackness. No matter how fast I ran, I couldn't catch up to him; no matter how loud I called, he never turned. Troubled, I woke in the middle of the night and couldn't sleep again for what seemed like a very long time. After that, he was in my dreams nearly every night, but always on the periphery, never within reach. The month that followed the accident was uneasy, tense, and, at first, embarrassing. To my dismay, I found myself the center of attention for the rest of that week. Tyler Crowley was impossible, following me around, obsessed with making amends to me somehow. I tried to convince him what I wanted more than anything else was for him to forget all about it – especially since nothing had actually happened to me – but he remained insistent. He followed me between classes and sat at our now-crowded lunch table. Mike and Eric were even less friendly toward him than they were to each other, which made me worry that I'd gained another unwelcome fan. No one seemed concerned about Edward, though I explained over and over that he was the hero – how he had pulled me out of the way and had nearly been crushed, too. I tried to be convincing. Jessica, Mike, Eric, and everyone else always commented that they hadn't even seen him there till the van was pulled away. I wondered to myself why no one else had seen him standing so far away, before he was suddenly, impossibly saving my life. With chagrin, I realized the probable cause – no one else was as aware of Edward as I always was. No one else watched him the way I did. How pitiful. Edward was never surrounded by crowds of curious bystanders eager for his firsthand account. People avoided him as usual. The Cullens and the Hales sat at the same table as always, not eating, talking only among themselves. None of them, especially Edward, glanced my way anymore. When he sat next to me in class, as far from me as the table would allow, he seemed totally unaware of my presence. Only now and then, when his fists would suddenly ball up – skin stretched even whiter over the bones – did I wonder if he wasn't quite as oblivious as he appeared. He wished he hadn't pulled me from the path of Tyler's van – there was no other conclusion I could come to. I wanted very much to talk to him, and the day after the accident I tried. The last time I'd seen him, outside the ER, we'd both been so furious. I still was angry that he wouldn't trust me with the truth, even though I was keeping my part of the bargain flawlessly. But he had in fact saved my life, no matter how he'd done it. And, overnight, the heat of my anger faded into awed gratitude. He was already seated when I got to Biology, looking straight ahead. I sat down, expecting him to turn toward me. He showed no sign that he realized I was there. â€Å"Hello, Edward,† I said pleasantly, to show him I was going to behave myself. He turned his head a fraction toward me without meeting my gaze, nodded once, and then looked the other way. And that was the last contact I'd had with him, though he was there, a foot away from me, every day. I watched him sometimes, unable to stop myself- from a distance, though, in the cafeteria or parking lot. I watched as his golden eyes grew perceptibly darker day by day. But in class I gave no more notice that he existed than he showed toward me. I was miserable. And the dreams continued. Despite my outright lies, the tenor of my e-mails alerted Ren? ¦e to my depression, and she called a few times, worried. I tried to convince her it was just the weather that had me down. Mike, at least, was pleased by the obvious coolness between me and my lab partner. I could see he'd been worried that Edward's daring rescue might have impressed me, and he was relieved that it seemed to have the opposite effect. He grew more confident, sitting on the edge of my table to talk before Biology class started, ignoring Edward as completely as he ignored us. The snow washed away for good after that one dangerously icy day. Mike was disappointed he'd never gotten to stage his snowball fight, but pleased that the beach trip would soon be possible. The rain continued heavily, though, and the weeks passed. Jessica made me aware of another event looming on the horizon – she called the first Tuesday of March to ask my permission to invite Mike to the girls' choice spring dance in two weeks. â€Å"Are you sure you don't mind†¦ you weren't planning to ask him?† she persisted when I told her I didn't mind in the least. â€Å"No, Jess, I'm not going,† I assured her. Dancing was glaringly outside my range of abilities. â€Å"It will be really fun.† Her attempt to convince me was halfhearted. I suspected that Jessica enjoyed my inexplicable popularity more than my actual company. â€Å"You have fun with Mike,† I encouraged. The next day, I was surprised that Jessica wasn't her usual gushing self in Trig and Spanish. She was silent as she walked by my side between classes, and I was afraid to ask her why. If Mike had turned her down, I was the last person she would want to tell. My fears were strengthened during lunch when Jessica sat as far from Mike as possible, chatting animatedly with Eric. Mike was unusually quiet. Mike was still quiet as he walked me to class, the uncomfortable look on his face a bad sign. But he didn't broach the subject until I was in my seat and he was perched on my desk. As always, I was electrically aware of Edward sitting close enough to touch, as distant as if he were merely an invention of my imagination. â€Å"So,† Mike said, looking at the floor, â€Å"Jessica asked me to the spring dance.† â€Å"That's great.† I made my voice bright and enthusiastic. â€Å"You'll have a lot of fun with Jessica.† â€Å"Well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He floundered as he examined my smile, clearly not happy with my response. â€Å"I told her I had to think about it.† â€Å"Why would you do that?† I let disapproval color my tone, though I was relieved he hadn't given her an absolute no. His face was bright red as he looked down again. Pity shook my resolve. â€Å"I was wondering if†¦ well, if you might be planning to ask me.† I paused for a moment, hating the wave of guilt that swept through me. But I saw, from the corner of my eye, Edward's head tilt reflexively in my direction. â€Å"Mike, I think you should tell her yes,† I said. â€Å"Did you already ask someone?† Did Edward notice how Mike's eyes flickered in his direction? â€Å"No,† I assured him. â€Å"I'm not going to the dance at all.† â€Å"Why not?† Mike demanded. I didn't want to get into the safety hazards that dancing presented, so I quickly made new plans. â€Å"I'm going to Seattle that Saturday,† I explained. I needed to get out of town anyway – it was suddenly the perfect time to go. â€Å"Can't you go some other weekend?† â€Å"Sorry, no,† I said. â€Å"So you shouldn't make Jess wait any longer – it's rude.† â€Å"Yeah, you're right,† he mumbled, and turned, dejected, to walk back to his seat. I closed my eyes and pressed my fingers to my temples, trying to push the guilt and sympathy out of my head. Mr. Banner began talking. I sighed and opened my eyes. And Edward was staring at me curiously, that same, familiar edge of frustration even more distinct now in his black eyes. I stared back, surprised, expecting him to look quickly away. But instead he continued to gaze with probing intensity into my eyes. There was no question of me looking away. My hands started to shake. â€Å"Mr. Cullen?† the teacher called, seeking the answer to a question that I hadn't heard. â€Å"The Krebs Cycle,† Edward answered, seeming reluctant as he turned to look at Mr. Banner. I looked down at my book as soon as his eyes released me, trying to find my place. Cowardly as ever, I shifted my hair over my right shoulder to hide my face. I couldn't believe the rush of emotion pulsing through me – just because he'd happened to look at me for the first time in a half-dozen weeks. I couldn't allow him to have this level of influence over me. It was pathetic. More than pathetic, it was unhealthy. I tried very hard not to be aware of him for the rest of the hour, and, since that was impossible, at least not to let him know that I was aware of him. When the bell rang at last, I turned my back to him to gather my things, expecting him to leave immediately as usual. â€Å"Bella?† His voice shouldn't have been so familiar to me, as if I'd known the sound of it all my life rather than for just a few short weeks. I turned slowly, unwillingly. I didn't want to feel what I knew I would feel when I looked at his too-perfect face. My expression was wary when I finally turned to him; his expression was unreadable. He didn't say anything. â€Å"What? Are you speaking to me again?† I finally asked, an unintentional note of petulance in my voice. His lips twitched, fighting a smile. â€Å"No, not really,† he admitted. I closed my eyes and inhaled slowly through my nose, aware that I was gritting my teeth. He waited. â€Å"Then what do you want, Edward?† I asked, keeping my eyes closed; it was easier to talk to him coherently that way. â€Å"I'm sorry.† He sounded sincere. â€Å"I'm being very rude, I know. But it's better this way, really.† I opened my eyes. His face was very serious. â€Å"I don't know what you mean,† I said, my voice guarded. â€Å"It's better if we're not friends,† he explained. â€Å"Trust me.† My eyes narrowed. I'd heard that before. â€Å"It's too bad you didn't figure that out earlier,† I hissed through my teeth. â€Å"You could have saved yourself all this regret.† â€Å"Regret?† The word, and my tone, obviously caught him off guard. â€Å"Regret for what?† â€Å"For not just letting that stupid van squish me.† He was astonished. He stared at me in disbelief. When he finally spoke, he almost sounded mad. â€Å"You think I regret saving your life?† â€Å"I know you do,† I snapped. â€Å"You don't know anything.† He was definitely mad. I turned my head sharply away from him, clenching my jaw against all the wild accusations I wanted to hurl at him. I gathered my books together, then stood and walked to the door. I meant to sweep dramatically out of the room, but of course I caught the toe of my boot on the door jamb and dropped my books. I stood there for a moment, thinking about leaving them. Then I sighed and bent to pick them up. He was there; he'd already stacked them into a pile. He handed them to me, his face hard. â€Å"Thank you,† I said icily. His eyes narrowed. â€Å"You're welcome,† he retorted. I straightened up swiftly, turned away from him again, and stalked off to Gym without looking back. Gym was brutal. We'd moved on to basketball. My team never passed me the ball, so that was good, but I fell down a lot. Sometimes I took people with me. Today I was worse than usual because my head was so filled with Edward. I tried to concentrate on my feet, but he kept creeping back into my thoughts just when I really needed my balance. It was a relief, as always, to leave. I almost ran to the truck; there were just so many people I wanted to avoid. The truck had suffered only minimal damage in the accident. I'd had to replace the taillights, and if I'd had a real paint job, I would have touched that up. Tyler's parents had to sell their van for parts. I almost had a stroke when I rounded the corner and saw a tall, dark figure leaning against the side of my truck. Then I realized it was just Eric. I started walking again. â€Å"Hey, Eric,† I called. â€Å"Hi, Bella.† â€Å"What's up?† I said as I was unlocking the door. I wasn't paying attention to the uncomfortable edge in his voice, so his next words took me by surprise. â€Å"Uh, I was just wondering†¦ if you would go to the spring dance with me?† His voice broke on the last word. â€Å"I thought it was girls' choice,† I said, too startled to be diplomatic. â€Å"Well, yeah,† he admitted, shamefaced. I recovered my composure and tried to make my smile warm. â€Å"Thank you for asking me, but I'm going to be in Seattle that day.† â€Å"Oh,† he said. â€Å"Well, maybe next time.† â€Å"Sure,† I agreed, and then bit my lip. I wouldn't want him to take that too literally. He slouched off, back toward the school. I heard a low chuckle. Edward was walking past the front of my truck, looking straight forward, his lips pressed together. I yanked the door open and jumped inside, slamming it loudly behind me. I revved the engine deafeningly and reversed out into the aisle. Edward was in his car already, two spaces down, sliding out smoothly in front of me, cutting me off. He stopped there – to wait for his family; I could see the four of them walking this way, but still by the cafeteria. I considered taking out the rear of his shiny Volvo, but there were too many witnesses. I looked in my rearview mirror. A line was beginning to form. Directly behind me, Tyler Crowley was in his recently acquired used Sentra, waving. I was too aggravated to acknowledge him. While I was sitting there, looking everywhere but at the car in front of me, I heard a knock on my passenger side window. I looked over; it was Tyler. I glanced back in my rearview mirror, confused. His car was still running, the door left open. I leaned across the cab to crank the window down. It was stiff. I got it halfway down, then gave up. â€Å"I'm sorry, Tyler, I'm stuck behind Cullen.† I was annoyed – obviously the holdup wasn't my fault. â€Å"Oh, I know – I just wanted to ask you something while we're trapped here.† He grinned. This could not be happening. â€Å"Will you ask me to the spring dance?† he continued. â€Å"I'm not going to be in town, Tyler.† My voice sounded a little sharp. I had to remember it wasn't his fault that Mike and Eric had already used up my quota of patience for the day. â€Å"Yeah, Mike said that,† he admitted. â€Å"Then why -â€Å" He shrugged. â€Å"I was hoping you were just letting him down easy.† Okay, it was completely his fault. â€Å"Sorry, Tyler,† I said, working to hide my irritation. â€Å"I really am going out of town.† â€Å"That's cool. We still have prom.† And before I could respond, he was walking back to his car. I could feel the shock on my face. I looked forward to see Alice, Rosalie, Emmett, and Jasper all sliding into the Volvo. In his rearview mirror, Edward's eyes were on me. He was unquestionably shaking with laughter, as if he'd heard every word Tyler had said. My foot itched toward the gas pedal†¦ one little bump wouldn't hurt any of them, just that glossy silver paint job. I revved the engine. But they were all in, and Edward was speeding away. I drove home slowly, carefully, muttering to myself the whole way. When I got home, I decided to make chicken enchiladas for dinner. It was a long process, and it would keep me busy. While I was simmering the onions and chilies, the phone rang. I was almost afraid to answer it, but it might be Charlie or my mom. It was Jessica, and she was jubilant; Mike had caught her after school to accept her invitation. I celebrated with her briefly while I stirred. She had to go, she wanted to call Angela and Lauren to tell them. I suggested – with casual innocence – that maybe Angela, the shy girl who had Biology with me, could ask Eric. And Lauren, a standoffish girl who had always ignored me at the lunch table, could ask Tyler; I'd heard he was still available. Jess thought that was a great idea. Now that she was sure of Mike, she actually sounded sincere when she said she wished I would go to the dance. I gave her my Seattle excuse. After I hung up, I tried to concentrate on dinner – dicing the chicken especially; I didn't want to take another trip to the emergency room. But my head was spinning, trying to analyze every word Edward had spoken today. What did he mean, it was better if we weren't friends? My stomach twisted as I realized what he must have meant. He must see how absorbed I was by him; he must not want to lead me on†¦ so we couldn't even be friends†¦ because he wasn't interested in me at all. Of course he wasn't interested in me, I thought angrily, my eyes stinging – a delayed reaction to the onions. I wasn't interesting. And he was. Interesting†¦ and brilliant†¦ and mysterious†¦ and perfect†¦ and beautiful†¦ and possibly able to lift full-sized vans with one hand. Well, that was fine. I could leave him alone. I would leave him alone. I would get through my self-imposed sentence here in purgatory, and then hopefully some school in the Southwest, or possibly Hawaii, would offer me a scholarship. I focused my thoughts on sunny beaches and palm trees as I finished the enchiladas and put them in the oven. Charlie seemed suspicious when he came home and smelled the green peppers. I couldn't blame him – the closest edible Mexican food was probably in southern California. But he was a cop, even if just a small-town cop, so he was brave enough to take the first bite. He seemed to like it. It was fun to watch as he slowly began trusting me in the kitchen. â€Å"Dad?† I asked when he was almost done. â€Å"Yeah, Bella?† â€Å"Um, I just wanted to let you know that I'm going to Seattle for the day a week from Saturday†¦ if that's okay?† I didn't want to ask permission – it set a bad precedent – but I felt rude, so I tacked it on at the end. â€Å"Why?† He sounded surprised, as if he were unable to imagine something that Forks couldn't offer. â€Å"Well, I wanted to get few books – the library here is pretty limited – and maybe look at some clothes.† I had more money than I was used to having, since, thanks to Charlie, I hadn't had to pay for a car. Not that the truck didn't cost me quite a bit in the gas department. â€Å"That truck probably doesn't get very good gas mileage,† he said, echoing my thoughts. â€Å"I know, I'll stop in Montesano and Olympia – and Tacoma if I have to.† â€Å"Are you going all by yourself?† he asked, and I couldn't tell if he was suspicious I had a secret boyfriend or just worried about car trouble. â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"Seattle is a big city – you could get lost,† he fretted. â€Å"Dad, Phoenix is five times the size of Seattle – and I can read a map, don't worry about it.† â€Å"Do you want me to come with you?† I tried to be crafty as I hid my horror. â€Å"That's all right, Dad, I'll probably just be in dressing rooms all day – very boring.† â€Å"Oh, okay.† The thought of sitting in women's clothing stores for any period of time immediately put him off. â€Å"Thanks.† I smiled at him. â€Å"Will you be back in time for the dance?† Grrr. Only in a town this small would a father know when the high school dances were. â€Å"No – I don't dance, Dad.† He, of all people, should understand that – I didn't get my balance problems from my mother. He did understand. â€Å"Oh, that's right,† he realized. The next morning, when I pulled into the parking lot, I deliberately parked as far as possible from the silver Volvo. I didn't want to put myself in the path of too much temptation and end up owing him a new car. Getting out of the cab, I fumbled with my key and it fell into a puddle at my feet. As I bent to get it, a white hand flashed out and grabbed it before I could. I jerked upright. Edward Cullen was right next to me, leaning casually against my truck. â€Å"How do you do that?† I asked in amazed irritation. â€Å"Do what?† He held my key out as he spoke. As I reached for it, he dropped it into my palm. â€Å"Appear out of thin air.† â€Å"Bella, it's not my fault if you are exceptionally unobservant.† His voice was quiet as usual – velvet, muted. I scowled at his perfect face. His eyes were light again today, a deep, golden honey color. Then I had to look down, to reassemble my now-tangled thoughts. â€Å"Why the traffic jam last night?† I demanded, still looking away. â€Å"I thought you were supposed to be pretending I don't exist, not irritating me to death.† â€Å"That was for Tyler's sake, not mine. I had to give him his chance.† He snickered. â€Å"You†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I gasped. I couldn't think of a bad enough word. It felt like the heat of my anger should physically burn him, but he only seemed more amused. â€Å"And I'm not pretending you don't exist,† he continued. â€Å"So you are trying to irritate me to death? Since Tyler's van didn't do the job?† Anger flashed in his tawny eyes. His lips pressed into a hard line, all signs of humor gone. â€Å"Bella, you are utterly absurd,† he said, his low voice cold. My palms tingled – I wanted so badly to hit something. I was surprised at myself. I was usually a nonviolent person. I turned my back and started to walk away. â€Å"Wait,† he called. I kept walking, sloshing angrily through the rain. But he was next to me, easily keeping pace. â€Å"I'm sorry, that was rude,† he said as we walked. I ignored him. â€Å"I'm not saying it isn't true,† he continued, â€Å"but it was rude to say it, anyway.† â€Å"Why won't you leave me alone?† I grumbled. â€Å"I wanted to ask you something, but you sidetracked me,† he chuckled. He seemed to have recovered his good humor. â€Å"Do you have a multiple personality disorder?† I asked severely. â€Å"You're doing it again.† I sighed. â€Å"Fine then. What do you want to ask?† â€Å"I was wondering if, a week from Saturday – you know, the day of the spring dance -â€Å" â€Å"Are you trying to be funny?† I interrupted him, wheeling toward him. My face got drenched as I looked up at his expression. His eyes were wickedly amused. â€Å"Will you please allow me to finish?† I bit my lip and clasped my hands together, interlocking my fingers, so I couldn't do anything rash. â€Å"I heard you say you were going to Seattle that day, and I was wondering if you wanted a ride.† That was unexpected. â€Å"What?† I wasn't sure what he was getting at. â€Å"Do you want a ride to Seattle?† â€Å"With who?† I asked, mystified. â€Å"Myself, obviously.† He enunciated every syllable, as if he were talking to someone mentally handicapped. I was still stunned. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Well, I was planning to go to Seattle in the next few weeks, and, to be honest, I'm not sure if your truck can make it.† â€Å"My truck works just fine, thank you very much for your concern.† I started to walk again, but I was too surprised to maintain the same level of anger. â€Å"But can your truck make it there on one tank of gas?† He matched my pace again. â€Å"I don't see how that is any of your business.† Stupid, shiny Volvo owner. â€Å"The wasting of finite resources is everyone's business.† â€Å"Honestly, Edward.† I felt a thrill go through me as I said his name, and I hated it. â€Å"I can't keep up with you. I thought you didn't want to be my friend.† â€Å"I said it would be better if we weren't friends, not that I didn't want to be.† â€Å"Oh, thanks, now that's all cleared up.† Heavy sarcasm. I realized I had stopped walking again. We were under the shelter of the cafeteria roof now, so I could more easily look at his face. Which certainly didn't help my clarity of thought. â€Å"It would be more†¦ prudent for you not to be my friend,† he explained. â€Å"But I'm tired of trying to stay away from you, Bella.† His eyes were gloriously intense as he uttered that last sentence, his voice smoldering. I couldn't remember how to breathe. â€Å"Will you go with me to Seattle?† he asked, still intense. I couldn't speak yet, so I just nodded. He smiled briefly, and then his face became serious. â€Å"You really should stay away from me,† he warned. â€Å"I'll see you in class.† He turned abruptly and walked back the way we'd come.